Procedure

• To test out a normal male's karyotype using the G-banding technique, first take a blood sample. Then freeze and plate a blood sample onto a growing cell culture. From here, use a genetic. This special genetic process will stain the male genetic traits on the chromosomes bands within the DNA of the blood sample. When the researcher puts the frozen blood cell culture under the microscope, the bands will be pronounced and they are able to mark the normal genetic male traits while also recording any slight abnormalities.
  
  

Tecniques

• Doctors and researchers use two types of techniques when assessing normal male genetics by using G-banding. The first technique involves using the stain called trypsin, which is a protein enzyme found within the digestive tract. Researchers stain the male genetic material by the trypsin, then researchers observe the genes. The second technique involves using another type of stain called Giemsa. The two stains carry out the same procedure. However, while the researcher will observe the trypsin male genetic G-banded chromosomes underneath the microscope, the giemsa stained chrosomoens display on a karyogram, a device researchers use to look at chromosomes specifically.
  
  

Uses

• G-banding provides a great deal of information for the normal male karyotype. When the chromosomes undergo the G-banding process, the male specific genetic traits are separated from the general genetic traits. For example, the genetic trait that induces testes production would be differentiated from the gene that induces hair growth, a general trait. Doctors can use this type of genetic testing to assess any abnormal genetic male traits within the male's karyotype. Scientists can use this type of genetic testing to assess any patterns in normal male karyotypes as oppose to psychotic male karyotypes. G-banding also helps assess different male genetic traits that a man might pass on to his offspring.
  
  

Drawbacks

• Using the G-banding technique is popular to assess the karyotype of normal males, but it does have its drawbacks. It only gives a rough idea of where the male genetic traits are. There still needs to be more research on how effective the technique is for determining normal male genetic traits.