Using Chlorine Compounds as Disinfectants

• Chlorine solutions are effective against vegetative bacteria, enveloped and non-enveloped viruses and fungi if they are used in appropriate concentrations for a long enough period of time. Chlorine solutions can be deactivated by air or light if left unused for a period of time. Researchers at the University of Memphis recommend making a fresh chlorine solution prior to each use. Iowa State University researchers recommend that the chlorine solution never be mixed with anything acidic due to the toxicity of the chlorine gas created as a result of the chemical reaction.
  
  

Using Phenols such as Lysol as Disinfectants

• Phenols are effective against fungi, enveloped viruses and vegetative bacteria. They are economically priced and stable so they can be stored for long periods of time. Phenols are effective in the presence of organic matter, soap and hard water unlike most other disinfectants that lose efficacy in the presence of these compounds.
  
  

Using Alcohol as a Disinfectant

• Alcohols are effective against vegetative bacteria, enveloped viruses, mycobacteria and fungi. They are highly flammable so it is advisable to use alcohols in areas that are far away from any sources of fire such as stoves and fireplaces. Alcohols are non-toxic, easily available and low in cost.
  
  

Using Iodines as Disinfectants

• Iodines are effective against vegetative bacteria, enveloped viruses and fungi. Their efficacy is reduced in the presence of organic matter. Iodine compounds are easily available and have a long shelf life. They require a 30-minute contact period to be effective against most bacteria.