Diagnosis

• There are two types of brain cancer: primary and secondary. Primary brain cancer originates in the skull, accounting for 50 percent of all intracranial tumors. Secondary brain cancer comes from metastatic cancer cells that originate from other body parts and have migrated to the brain. When secondary brain cancer is diagnosed, it usually has a poor prognosis because it indicates that the original cancer has reached an advanced stage.
  
  

Statistics

• Brain cancer diagnoses do not have a positive outlook. According to the oncology channel website, it is the leading cause of cancer among people under 35 years old. Three out of 100,000 children are diagnosed with primary brain cancer. Secondary brain cancer is diagnosed between 20 and 30 percent of people with metastatic cancers. Out of the average 17,000 people diagnosed with brain cancer each year, 13,000 of them die.
  
  

Risk Factors

• One known risk factor for brain cancer development is exposure to vinyl chloride, a carcinogen used in manufacturing pipes, wire coatings and car parts. It is also present in cigarette smoke. Oncologychannel.com suggests that people who live near chemical and manufacturing plants are at an increased risk of exposure to vinyl chloride. There are also genetic risk factors. The body has tumor suppressant genes that, if mutated or deleted, can increase risk of brain cancer development.
  
  

Symptoms

• Location of the brain tumor will indicate the initial symptoms. If the tumor is obstructing the spinal fluid, it can cause extreme nausea and vomiting. Tumors located in the frontal lobe can impair some of the senses, behavioral judgment and paralysis on one side of the body. Tumors in the parietal lobe can cause seizures and lack of recognition.
  As the brain cancer progresses towards the terminal stages, the brain functions in these areas will become even more impaired. For example, lack of recognition can turn into inability to speak or write. Growing tumors in the frontal lobe may also reduce mental capacity and impair most or all of the senses.
  
  

Treatment

• Treatment for terminal stage brain cancer is very limited. Most treatments are done with the intentions to relieve pain. Surgery can be performed to remove parts of the tumor to prolong life. Removing the entire tumor is usually not possible since it will most likely permanently damage brain functions near its location. Sometimes a shunt can be placed near the spinal cord entry in order to relieve any spinal fluid that's blocked in the skull.
  Research is being done on utilizing a specific virus to treat brain cancer. University of Ottawa researchers discovered in 2000 that the vesicular stomatitis virus was able to kill developing brain tumor cells. They noted that the virus does not affect nearby healthy cells if it is administered along with the natural protein interferon.