- 1). Leather Depot has been in the leather furniture business for 30 years and offers advice on top grain leather. Top grain leather is the top of three layers of the hide and is considered the best in quality. Natural leather from the top layer shows markings of scars and wrinkles from the animal's outdoor exposure, whereas split hides, the second layer of hide, have a smoother finish. This is because the split hide is ironed out and stamped to bring about a leather look from its beginning suede-like appearance. Newbuck leather is a term used for top grain leather that goes through a process of steel wire brushing to enhance the nap to a soft texture. Bycast leather is a method used on either top grain or split hide leather that smooths out the natural grain and coats it for protection.
- 2). The number of imperfections in the top grain determines the grade of leather. There can be small scars and bug bites, but larger markings can make the top coat unworkable unless corrections are made. The more areas that need to be shaved out and smoothed, the lesser the grade. As much as 80% correction may be made on a top grain, sometimes leading the surface to feel like plastic from being overworked. A wax finish is sometimes applied to a top grade of leather to bring out a more weathered appearance and enhance a natural leather look. Scrape the leather with your fingernail; if it turns a lighter color, it has been waxed.
- 3). True aniline, premium aniline, aniline full grain or aniline dyed are terms used for leather that is dyed all the way through. Aniline allows leather to breathe and makes it more durable. Distressed or antiqued leather is dyed twice, first with a light color then a darker color, to give an appearance of age. Leather to which a sealant is applied is known as pigmented or painted leather. It is of lesser quality and may have a shorter life. If can be recognized by a very uniform appearance, without the unique characteristics of full grain leather.
- 4). Classic Leather, the oldest leather upholsterer in the United States, with many third-generation experts on leather, is happy to answer questions on leather quality found all over the world. With more than 200 different leathers to choose from, custom hides are their business. Choices in types of leather do not end with selecting the best grain and grade, but they are a good place to start. A leather expert can determine your individual needs and the best product for leather furniture.
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