Break bone fever, the other of Denguefever, is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused which is similar to measles.Dengue hemorrhagic fever is the life-threatening result that develops in a small proportion of cases, resulting in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets. Symptoms of dengue fever are fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rashasma leakage, or into dengue shock syndrome, where pressure occurs.
Dengue is transmitted by several species of mosquito within the genus Aedes.There are five different types of virus; lifelong immunity is possible when one is infected with the one type, but only short-term immunity to the others. Severe complications is the risk with the subsequent infection with a different type. No commercially available vaccine is available, prevention is sought by reducing the habitat and the number of mosquitoes and limiting exposure to bites.
Pest control refers to the regulation or management of a species defined as a pest, usually because it is perceived to be detrimental to a person's health, the ecology or the economy.
Exterminators is the name given to practitioners of pest control.
Types of pest control
€ Biological pest control
€ Mechanical pest control
€ Physical pest control
€ Elimination of breeding grounds
€ Poisoned bait
€ Field burning
€ Hunting
€ Traps
€ Pesticides
€ Space fumigation
€ Space treatment
€ Sterilization
€ Natural rodent control
€ Repellents
Sterile Insect Technique
The method of biological control, whereby overwhelming numbers of sterile insects are released is known as sterile insect technique. As it is the female that causes the damage so the released insects are normally male, usually by laying eggs in the crop, or, in the case of mosquitoes, taking blood from humans. The sterile males compete with the wild males for female insects. Reducing the next generation's population is done when a female mates with a sterile male and have no offspring. Repeated release of insects can diminish small populations, though it could be impossible to eradicate it and is not efficient against dense insect populations.
The technique has successfully been used to eradicate the Screw-worm fly (Cochliomyia hominivorax) in areas of North America. Species of fruit flies have also been controlled by this technique, most particularly the Mayfly (Ceratitis Capitata), and the Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens).
Radiation is used to sterilize the insects, which might weaken the newly sterilized insects if doses are not correctly applied, making them less able to compete with wild males. However, other sterilization techniques are under development which would not affect the insects' ability to compete for a mate.
In the 1950s,the technique was pioneered by American entomologists Dr. Raymond C. Bushland and Dr. Edward F. Knipling. For their achievement, they jointly received the 1992World Food Prize.
Vector control
Another method to limit or eradicate the mammals, birds, insects or other arthropods which transmit disease pathogens is Vector Control. The most frequent type of vector control is mosquito control using a variety of strategies. In the United States, cities or special districts are responsible for vector control.
METHODS OF CONTROL
Vector control focuses on utilizing preventative methods to control or eliminate vector populations. Common preventative measures are
Habitat control
To limit the vector population removal or reduction of such areas where they can easily breed is compulsory. For example, removal of stagnant water, destruction of old tires and cans which serve as mosquito breeding environments and good management of used water can reduce areas of excessive vector incidence.
Reducing Contact
Exposure to insects or animals that are known disease vectors should be limited and reduction of infection risks is possible in this way. For example, bed nets, window screens on homes, or protective clothing can help reduce the contact with vectors. To be effective this requires education and promotion of methods amongst the population to raise the awareness of vector threats.
Chemical Control
Insecticides, larvicides, rodenticides, lethal ovitraps and repellents can be used to control vectors. For example, insecticides can be applied to house walls or bed nets; use of personal repellents can reduce incidence of insect bites; larvicides can be used in mosquito breeding zones. The use of pesticides for vector control is promoted by the World HealthOrganization (WHO) and has proven to be highly effective.
Biological Control
The use of natural vector predators, such as bacterial toxins or botanical compounds, can help control vector populations. Using fish that eat mosquito larvae or reducing breeding rates by introducing sterilized male tsetse flies have been shown to control vector populations and reduce infection risks Research efforts to prevent and treat dengue include various means of vector control, vaccine development, and antiviral drugs. With regards to vector control, a number of novel methods have been used to reduce mosquito numbers with some success including the placement of the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) or copepods in standing water to eat the mosquito larvae.Attempts are ongoing to infect the mosquito population with bacteria of the Wolbachia genus, which makes the mosquitoes partially resistant to dengue virus. There are also trials with genetically modified male A. aegypti that after release into the wild mate with females, and their offspring unable to fly.
Dengue is transmitted by several species of mosquito within the genus Aedes.There are five different types of virus; lifelong immunity is possible when one is infected with the one type, but only short-term immunity to the others. Severe complications is the risk with the subsequent infection with a different type. No commercially available vaccine is available, prevention is sought by reducing the habitat and the number of mosquitoes and limiting exposure to bites.
Pest control refers to the regulation or management of a species defined as a pest, usually because it is perceived to be detrimental to a person's health, the ecology or the economy.
Exterminators is the name given to practitioners of pest control.
Types of pest control
€ Biological pest control
€ Mechanical pest control
€ Physical pest control
€ Elimination of breeding grounds
€ Poisoned bait
€ Field burning
€ Hunting
€ Traps
€ Pesticides
€ Space fumigation
€ Space treatment
€ Sterilization
€ Natural rodent control
€ Repellents
Sterile Insect Technique
The method of biological control, whereby overwhelming numbers of sterile insects are released is known as sterile insect technique. As it is the female that causes the damage so the released insects are normally male, usually by laying eggs in the crop, or, in the case of mosquitoes, taking blood from humans. The sterile males compete with the wild males for female insects. Reducing the next generation's population is done when a female mates with a sterile male and have no offspring. Repeated release of insects can diminish small populations, though it could be impossible to eradicate it and is not efficient against dense insect populations.
The technique has successfully been used to eradicate the Screw-worm fly (Cochliomyia hominivorax) in areas of North America. Species of fruit flies have also been controlled by this technique, most particularly the Mayfly (Ceratitis Capitata), and the Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens).
Radiation is used to sterilize the insects, which might weaken the newly sterilized insects if doses are not correctly applied, making them less able to compete with wild males. However, other sterilization techniques are under development which would not affect the insects' ability to compete for a mate.
In the 1950s,the technique was pioneered by American entomologists Dr. Raymond C. Bushland and Dr. Edward F. Knipling. For their achievement, they jointly received the 1992World Food Prize.
Vector control
Another method to limit or eradicate the mammals, birds, insects or other arthropods which transmit disease pathogens is Vector Control. The most frequent type of vector control is mosquito control using a variety of strategies. In the United States, cities or special districts are responsible for vector control.
METHODS OF CONTROL
Vector control focuses on utilizing preventative methods to control or eliminate vector populations. Common preventative measures are
Habitat control
To limit the vector population removal or reduction of such areas where they can easily breed is compulsory. For example, removal of stagnant water, destruction of old tires and cans which serve as mosquito breeding environments and good management of used water can reduce areas of excessive vector incidence.
Reducing Contact
Exposure to insects or animals that are known disease vectors should be limited and reduction of infection risks is possible in this way. For example, bed nets, window screens on homes, or protective clothing can help reduce the contact with vectors. To be effective this requires education and promotion of methods amongst the population to raise the awareness of vector threats.
Chemical Control
Insecticides, larvicides, rodenticides, lethal ovitraps and repellents can be used to control vectors. For example, insecticides can be applied to house walls or bed nets; use of personal repellents can reduce incidence of insect bites; larvicides can be used in mosquito breeding zones. The use of pesticides for vector control is promoted by the World HealthOrganization (WHO) and has proven to be highly effective.
Biological Control
The use of natural vector predators, such as bacterial toxins or botanical compounds, can help control vector populations. Using fish that eat mosquito larvae or reducing breeding rates by introducing sterilized male tsetse flies have been shown to control vector populations and reduce infection risks Research efforts to prevent and treat dengue include various means of vector control, vaccine development, and antiviral drugs. With regards to vector control, a number of novel methods have been used to reduce mosquito numbers with some success including the placement of the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) or copepods in standing water to eat the mosquito larvae.Attempts are ongoing to infect the mosquito population with bacteria of the Wolbachia genus, which makes the mosquitoes partially resistant to dengue virus. There are also trials with genetically modified male A. aegypti that after release into the wild mate with females, and their offspring unable to fly.
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