Hypertension or high blood pressure remains today as a major public health problem in both developed countries and in countries in development. According to Guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology and recommendations of the World Health Organization, hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure at or above 140 mmHg and / or diastolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 90 mmHg. According to these criteria it is estimated that about 29% of the U.S. population aged 18 or over have hypertension. In Brazil it is estimated that approximately 15-20% of adults have hypertension.
Exercises are usually recommended as an approach to treating and preventing hypertension, but many questions arise when a hypertensive person intends to participate in a regular program of exercise and even more so when thinking about participating in competitions, either as amateur or professional athlete sportsman. These questions become even more evident when athletes, considered as examples of healthy, die suddenly during athletic competitions.
Exercises as a prevention of hypertension
And physically active individuals with better fitness have a lower risk of developing hypertension. Exercises performed regularly have a preventive effect against hypertension beyond the act favorably in other diseases that are common in hypertensives such as obesity, diabetes and high cholesterol.
Not that any exercise that promotes prevention. Known as aerobic exercise (walking, jogging light, swimming, water aerobics among many others), are the most exert this protective effect. The amount and duration of exercise performed also are very important. The best results appear when performing aerobic exercises such as walking, for 30 to 60 minutes at least three times a week, although ideally daily. As for the ideal intensity is moderate, ie 60 to 79% of maximum heart rate or 50 to 70% of maximal oxygen consumption.
So healthy people at higher risk of developing hypertension, such as obesity, smoking, diabetes, family history of high blood pressure, are in a mode of exercise that prevention should be combined with other healthy lifestyle like quitting smoking and reducing consumption salt and alcohol.
Exercises as a treatment of hypertension
All hypertensive patients will benefit by practicing some form of regular exercise, however, some care should be taken before starting an exercise program for hypertensive.
According to the V Brazilian Guidelines on Hypertension, before starting regular programs of physical exercise, hypertensive patients should undergo clinical evaluation specialist, pre-participation examination and medical recommendations related to exercise. An exercise stress test or preferably cardiopulmonary exercise testing should be performed to determine the maximum heart rate, maximum oxygen consumption and, in the case of the cardiopulmonary exercise test, ventilatory thresholds. These tests shall be conducted on the use of medication.
Ideally, the blood pressure should be monitored and treatment, but even individuals who are with the high pressure slightly exercises can begin. Individuals with stage III hypertension (systolic blood pressure 180 mmHg or greater and / or diastolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 110 mmHg) should only start an exercise program after pressure control.
Regular aerobic exercise are the most positive impact on blood pressure, reducing, on average, 10 mmHg in systolic and diastolic pressure. Although in absolute numbers may seem low, it is worth remembering that the positive effect of exercise on other conditions that increase cardiovascular risk, such as diabetes, obesity and high cholesterol can lead to a reduction of over 30% in the risk of myocardial infarction.
The duration and intensity, they are recommended for prevention, 30 to 60 minutes at least three times a week, although ideally daily and 60 to 79% of maximum heart rate or 50 to 70% of maximal oxygen consumption.
Hypertension in athletes
Because of the need for good health to perform activities that require high fitness level, hypertension is prevalent among some athletes, on average, 50% lower than in the general population, and when it occurs, is lighter and easier to control, but in some subgroups, such as athletes and veterans of the black race can equal prevalence in the general population.
The evaluation of a hypertensive athlete is not very different from evaluating a non-hypertensive athlete. But some details to be remembered. In the case of athletes, the cardiopulmonary exercise test is mandatory and, if present an abnormal blood pressure response during exercise medication should be reevaluated. This evaluation will determine the risk of hypertensive athlete who can be classified as low risk, intermediate risk, high risk and very high risk.
Those who are considered during the evaluation of low risk and blood pressure behaves normally during the test are eligible for all sports.
Athletes who have intermediate risk with normal blood pressure response during the test are eligible for most sports, except those that require strenuous effort, especially as isometric weight lifting, body building, etc..
Athletes of low risk or intermediate risk with abnormal response of pressure during cardiopulmonary exercise testing efforts will only be eligible after control of blood pressure, both at rest and during exercise.
Hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risk or very high is not eligible for any competitive sports activity.
Conclusion
All hypertensive patients will benefit from the regular exercise. Aerobic, medium intensity for 30 to 60 minutes at least three times per week reduce blood pressure and also assist in controlling other diseases that may be associated with high blood pressure. Even people who are not hypertensive may reduce the chance of having the disease from practicing physical exercises regularly. The pre-participation evaluation is recommended for all athletes and especially due to the need for high level of fitness.
Exercises are usually recommended as an approach to treating and preventing hypertension, but many questions arise when a hypertensive person intends to participate in a regular program of exercise and even more so when thinking about participating in competitions, either as amateur or professional athlete sportsman. These questions become even more evident when athletes, considered as examples of healthy, die suddenly during athletic competitions.
Exercises as a prevention of hypertension
And physically active individuals with better fitness have a lower risk of developing hypertension. Exercises performed regularly have a preventive effect against hypertension beyond the act favorably in other diseases that are common in hypertensives such as obesity, diabetes and high cholesterol.
Not that any exercise that promotes prevention. Known as aerobic exercise (walking, jogging light, swimming, water aerobics among many others), are the most exert this protective effect. The amount and duration of exercise performed also are very important. The best results appear when performing aerobic exercises such as walking, for 30 to 60 minutes at least three times a week, although ideally daily. As for the ideal intensity is moderate, ie 60 to 79% of maximum heart rate or 50 to 70% of maximal oxygen consumption.
So healthy people at higher risk of developing hypertension, such as obesity, smoking, diabetes, family history of high blood pressure, are in a mode of exercise that prevention should be combined with other healthy lifestyle like quitting smoking and reducing consumption salt and alcohol.
Exercises as a treatment of hypertension
All hypertensive patients will benefit by practicing some form of regular exercise, however, some care should be taken before starting an exercise program for hypertensive.
According to the V Brazilian Guidelines on Hypertension, before starting regular programs of physical exercise, hypertensive patients should undergo clinical evaluation specialist, pre-participation examination and medical recommendations related to exercise. An exercise stress test or preferably cardiopulmonary exercise testing should be performed to determine the maximum heart rate, maximum oxygen consumption and, in the case of the cardiopulmonary exercise test, ventilatory thresholds. These tests shall be conducted on the use of medication.
Ideally, the blood pressure should be monitored and treatment, but even individuals who are with the high pressure slightly exercises can begin. Individuals with stage III hypertension (systolic blood pressure 180 mmHg or greater and / or diastolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 110 mmHg) should only start an exercise program after pressure control.
Regular aerobic exercise are the most positive impact on blood pressure, reducing, on average, 10 mmHg in systolic and diastolic pressure. Although in absolute numbers may seem low, it is worth remembering that the positive effect of exercise on other conditions that increase cardiovascular risk, such as diabetes, obesity and high cholesterol can lead to a reduction of over 30% in the risk of myocardial infarction.
The duration and intensity, they are recommended for prevention, 30 to 60 minutes at least three times a week, although ideally daily and 60 to 79% of maximum heart rate or 50 to 70% of maximal oxygen consumption.
Hypertension in athletes
Because of the need for good health to perform activities that require high fitness level, hypertension is prevalent among some athletes, on average, 50% lower than in the general population, and when it occurs, is lighter and easier to control, but in some subgroups, such as athletes and veterans of the black race can equal prevalence in the general population.
The evaluation of a hypertensive athlete is not very different from evaluating a non-hypertensive athlete. But some details to be remembered. In the case of athletes, the cardiopulmonary exercise test is mandatory and, if present an abnormal blood pressure response during exercise medication should be reevaluated. This evaluation will determine the risk of hypertensive athlete who can be classified as low risk, intermediate risk, high risk and very high risk.
Those who are considered during the evaluation of low risk and blood pressure behaves normally during the test are eligible for all sports.
Athletes who have intermediate risk with normal blood pressure response during the test are eligible for most sports, except those that require strenuous effort, especially as isometric weight lifting, body building, etc..
Athletes of low risk or intermediate risk with abnormal response of pressure during cardiopulmonary exercise testing efforts will only be eligible after control of blood pressure, both at rest and during exercise.
Hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risk or very high is not eligible for any competitive sports activity.
Conclusion
All hypertensive patients will benefit from the regular exercise. Aerobic, medium intensity for 30 to 60 minutes at least three times per week reduce blood pressure and also assist in controlling other diseases that may be associated with high blood pressure. Even people who are not hypertensive may reduce the chance of having the disease from practicing physical exercises regularly. The pre-participation evaluation is recommended for all athletes and especially due to the need for high level of fitness.
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