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A Short History of the Eyeliner

Since the early twentieth century the cosmetics industry has grown irreversibly, what with the growing regime of the world of fashion, and is dominated by a number of multinational companies and conglomerates, with wider spread, in terms of distribution and sales, among smaller companies all around the world. In fact a 2005 survey shows that in U.S.A., Japan and Europe the cosmetics industry is valued at around Seventy billion Euros. Even before the advent of civilization, make up was worn in the form of clay and mixture of pigments obtained from plants, applied probably as a paste around the eyes and even the entire face. It was a part of the tribal tradition or hunting practices in those days but with development of lifestyles the techniques became gradually more refined and expected to produce an aesthetic quality on the face.

According to recorded history, the use of eyeliners was in the form of black lines closely surrounding the eyes, to be found in early Middle East and the Babylonian civilization. Egyptians, during 10000 BC, were known to have already discovered multiple uses of cosmetics for they not only applied them for beautification but also for the protection of the skin from the harsh sun of the desert. The act of highlighting the eyes using heavy black lines along the edges, probably also started in Egyptian women and in fact the Egyptians have been known to have used materials like lead and antimony which constitute the eyeliner pencils available in the market today. In the 1920s, eyeliners were introduced in the West, and by the 1960s, use of liquid eyeliners became a regular practice among women. Eyeliner and kohl pencil usage became an important part of the Gothic and Emo culture among the youth of the West, and were used by women as well as men. The use of such cosmetics also found its place in the Music Industry where Metal and Gothic band members donned on dark and greasy make up with respect to the dark themes of their music.

Health Agencies all over the world such as the Cosmetics Directive in Europe, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States and the ISO discovered problems with liquid cosmetics, that included bacterial contamination, fermentation and chemical damage which started affecting consumers in the form of skin rashes, lesions, pigmentation problems, retinal defects and even severe poisoning of the blood stream. Hence the use of healthy cosmetics eyeliner was started where the eyeliner pencils proved to be better alternatives to their liquid forms, in terms of application, safety as well as preservation. Another better alternative to the liquid eyeliner is the gel form which too provides easier application and preservation without any risk of contamination. Healthy cosmetics eyeliner and kohl pencils today come in various sizes and thicknesses and can be indefinitely stored. Eyeliner pencils are also available in various colors. Certain essential tips to preserve eyeliners include storage in a cool place like the refrigerator and sharpening those using special sharpeners made especially for eyeliners- ordinary pencil sharpeners will just crumble them to pieces!
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