Symptoms

• Bipolar disorder is known for its extreme emotional highs and lows. Symptoms of a manic episode include extreme joyfulness, wired or risky behavior, sleeplessness, rapid speech, poor judgment and an inability to concentrate. A depressive episode would include symptoms of fatigue, extreme sadness, guilt, anxiety, feelings of pain, irritability and appetite loss. Symptoms can range from mild to severe with some people not being able to function normally in their work or at school. Extremely severe cases can lead to psychotic behavior with the patient experiencing hallucinations and delusions.
  
  

Diagnosis

• A doctor may first perform a physical exam and blood tests. The blood tests will rule out if a medical condition is causing the mood swings. He may then send you to a psychiatrist who is trained to diagnose bipolar disorder. The psychiatrist will discuss your feelings and behavior and may ask to speak to family members about your symptoms. A family history will also show if family members in the past have been diagnosed or exhibited signs of bipolar disorder. This information will help the psychiatrist determine a proper diagnosis and treatment.
  
  

Treatments

• There is currently no cure for bipolar disorder but there are several ways to treat it. Medications are the first line of treatment. Mood stabilizers, such as lithium, help to stabilize mood swings. Most people will need to take this medication the rest of their lives. Anti-seizure medications, such as Depakene and Lamictal, are also used to stabilize mood swings. Anti-anxiety medicines, such as benzodiazepines, can help with sleeplessness. Anti-depressants have become a controversial treatment for bipolar disorder in that they may trigger manic episodes. Your doctor will know which medications are right for you.
  
  Psychotherapy is another part of the bipolar disorder treatment. One-on-one therapy with your psychotherapist will provide ways for you to cope and manage stressful situations and how to replace harmful and negative behavior with a more positive and healthy one. Group therapy can provide insight and support from those experiencing the same symptoms as you. Interacting with a group can also help with relationship skills. Family therapy helps you and your family identify the causes of stress within the family and help better communication between family members. In severe cases of bipolar disorder where suicide might be at risk, hospitalization may be necessary with inpatient psychiatric care. Coping with bipolar disorder can be difficult but with proper diagnosis and treatment you can still lead a fulfilling life.